The super battery is a kind of hybrid energy storage element, which is composed of two parts, including the lead-acid battery part and the asymmetric super capacitor part, which are connected in parallel in an internal non control circuit mode. The super battery realizes the integration of lead acid battery and super capacitor in terms of structure design and battery use function. The so-called integration is to combine the above two in the same single battery system.

Super battery
When the super battery is charged and discharged at a high rate, the super capacitor can provide high power and buffer the current of the battery, thus protecting  the lead-acid battery. The existence of the super capacitor in the battery can improve the power of the battery and extend the service life of the super battery. While the traditional lead-acid battery will form lead sulfate crystal layer on the negative plate surface under such working condition for a long time, which will lead to the phenomenon of "sulfation" as we usually call it, thus reducing the battery discharge performance and cycle life, and finally the battery cannot work normally.
The super battery uses the improvement of the comprehensive super capacitor to make the positive pole (PbO2) of the battery as an electrode of the super battery and the super capacitor, which meets the type requirements of metal oxides, and then makes the negative pole of the battery as a dual electrode (i.e., capacitive and battery).
The first generation of bipolar pole is used as the negative pole of battery and the negative pole of capacitor in parallel. The second generation of bipolar electrodes is to divide the negative pole of the original battery into two halves, one half of which is a battery board and the other half is a capacitor board. This is a major improvement. It has the dual characteristics of battery capacitance, but it is difficult to process, so it is not suitable for industrial scale production. The third generation of bipolar plates. This bipolar negative plate has a thin layer of carbon electrodialysis on the surface on the basis of the original plate, which is used as the capacitive electrode, and the inner layer is Pb, which is used as the battery electrode. In this way, it has both genders (capacitance and battery), so it is referred to as the super lead carbon battery.

Problems restricting the development of super battery:
(1) Development of carbon materials with high specific surface area, looking for stable capacitive activated carbon suitable for sulfuric acid medium;
(2) How to make the super battery have capacitance effect and determine the optimal addition amount of carbon materials;
(3) How to mix the carbon materials and lead powder evenly, and ensure the stability of the coating of the negative lead carbon mixture and the strength of the negative plate;
(4) How to solve the problem of hydrogen evolution of negative electrode caused by the existence of carbon materials, so as to keep the amount of hydrogen evolution at a low value.